The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects-often called "things"-that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet or other communication networks. These objects can range from everyday household items like thermostats and security cameras to complex industrial machinery and vehicles
. IoT devices collect and share data with minimal human intervention, enabling seamless communication between people, processes, and things. This connectivity allows for real-time monitoring, automation, and improved decision-making across various industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, transportation, and agriculture
. The concept of IoT has evolved due to advances in computing power, cloud technology, big data analytics, and wireless communication. It enables smart devices to perform tasks autonomously and create new efficiencies and business models. Industrial IoT (IIoT) is a subset focused on industrial applications, often called Industry 4.0, involving automation and enhanced control of sensors and devices in manufacturing and logistics
. In summary, IoT transforms ordinary physical objects into smart, connected devices that communicate and interact over networks, reshaping how we live, work, and manage resources
