Glioma of the central nervous system (CNS) is a type of primary brain tumor that originates from glial cells, which are the supportive cells in the nervous system. Glial cells include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells, among others. Gliomas develop either in the brain or, less commonly, the spinal cord. Key points about gliomas:
- They are tumors that arise from transformed glial cells and are considered primary CNS tumors because they start within the CNS rather than spreading from other parts of the body.
- Gliomas account for about 33% of all brain and CNS cancers in children and 75-78% of brain tumors in adults.
- Types of gliomas are classified based on the type of glial cell they originate from and include astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas.
- Astrocytomas, including glioblastoma multiforme (the most aggressive form), are the most common gliomas.
- Symptoms can vary depending on the tumor's location and include headaches, seizures, weakness, changes in behavior or vision, cognitive impairments, and others.
- Gliomas can be benign (low-grade) or malignant (high-grade) tumors.
- Treatment often involves a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, but prognosis varies widely based on tumor type and patient age.
In summary, a glioma is a tumor originating in the CNS from glial cells, with varying degrees of aggressiveness and symptoms depending on the specific subtype and location in the brain or spinal cord. It is one of the most common types of primary brain tumors affecting both children and adults.
