A spinal stroke is a rare condition that occurs when there is a disruption in the blood supply to the spinal cord. The spinal cord depends on a supply of blood to function properly, and a disruption in the blood supply can lead to damage or death of spinal tissues and cells. Most spinal strokes are caused by blockages, usually blood clots, in the blood supply, which are called ischemic spinal strokes. Some spinal strokes are caused by bleeds, which are called hemorrhagic spinal strokes. Spinal strokes are less common than strokes that affect the brain, accounting for 1.25% of all strokes.
Symptoms of a spinal stroke can vary depending on what part of the spine is affected by the stroke, but a common first symptom can be neck and arm pain, followed by weakness, numbness, or even paralysis. Other symptoms may include:
- Intermittent sharp or burning back pain
- Aching pain down through the legs
- Loss of deep tendon reflexes
- Loss of pain and temperature sensation
- Incontinence
- Full or partial paralysis
Spinal strokes can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- A blood clot
- Narrowing of arteries from plaque buildup, which can be caused by high levels of bad cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, or other vascular risk factors
- Bleeding into the spinal cord, which can be caused by high blood pressure, a spinal vascular malformation, or a spinal aneurysm
Treatment for spinal stroke is symptomatic, and physical and occupational therapy may help individuals recover from weakness or paralysis. Recovery depends on how quickly treatment is received and how severely the body is compromised. Paralysis may persist for many weeks or be permanent, but most individuals have a good chance of recovery.
