In recent events in Spain, the most significant incident was a widespread power outage on April 28, 2025, that left millions without electricity for nearly 24 hours. This blackout was caused by a complex failure in the Iberian electricity grid, involving a sudden drop in power supply and synchronization issues. Key factors included an abrupt increase in wind energy production, a rapid decline in solar photovoltaic output due to automated disconnections, and the shutdown of nuclear plants triggered by overload alerts. The grid lacked sufficient stable base-load power from nuclear and large gas or hydro plants to maintain frequency stability, leading to the blackout. The incident highlighted challenges in managing a grid with a high proportion of renewable energy sources and the need for improved coordination and technical expertise in energy policy and grid management
. Additionally, Spain has faced other challenges recently, such as cable thefts disrupting train services from Madrid to Andalusia, affecting thousands of passengers
, and ongoing issues related to flooding and natural disasters reported in previous months, which have caused significant casualties and infrastructure damage
. Overall, Spain is dealing with energy infrastructure vulnerabilities, transportation disruptions due to sabotage, and recovery from severe weather events.
