The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that perform several vital functions to keep the body healthy:
- Filter blood and remove waste: Kidneys filter about 200 quarts of blood daily, removing waste products and excess fluid, which are then excreted as urine
. This filtration happens in tiny units called nephrons, each containing a glomerulus and tubule that filter and reabsorb substances
- Maintain fluid and chemical balance: They regulate the body's water, salts, and minerals such as sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium to maintain proper balance for nerve, muscle, and tissue function
- Control blood pressure: Kidneys help regulate blood pressure by adjusting fluid levels and producing hormones that constrict blood vessels when needed
- Produce hormones: They produce erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow, and activate vitamin D to keep bones strong and healthy
- Maintain acid-base (pH) balance: Kidneys balance the body's acid and base levels by removing or adjusting acids produced by cells and from food intake
In summary, kidneys filter blood to remove wastes and excess fluid, regulate blood pressure and chemical balances, produce important hormones, and maintain overall homeostasis essential for healthy bodily functions
