Sperm can typically survive inside the female reproductive system for about 3 to 5 days, with some sources suggesting up to 7 days under optimal conditions. This lifespan depends largely on factors such as the presence of fertile cervical mucus, which protects sperm and facilitates their movement, especially around ovulation when the mucus thins and creates a more hospitable environment. The cervix also has tiny channels called cervical crypts that can temporarily store sperm and release them gradually, increasing the chances of fertilization. In the vagina, sperm survival is more limited due to its acidic environment, with most sperm dying within 12 hours unless protected by cervical mucus. Once sperm reach the uterus and fallopian tubes, they can remain viable for up to 5 days, waiting for an egg to be released for fertilization. The overall survival of sperm depends on sperm quality, the female reproductive tract's conditions, and timing within the menstrual cycle. In summary:
- Sperm live about 3 to 5 days inside the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes.
- Up to 5 to 7 days survival is possible under ideal conditions around ovulation.
- Cervical mucus and cervical crypts play key roles in sperm survival.
- Without protective mucus, sperm survive only a few hours in the vagina.
This information is supported by multiple fertility and medical sources including Mayo Clinic, IVF clinics, and fertility experts
