Tonsil stones, or tonsilloliths, form when debris such as food particles, dead cells, bacteria, and mucus get trapped in the crevices (crypts) of the tonsils and then harden or calcify. Several factors contribute to their formation:
- Poor oral hygiene leads to buildup of bacteria and debris.
- Chronic tonsillitis or frequent inflammation creates larger or deeper tonsil crevices that trap more material.
- Enlarged tonsils with deeper crypts can catch more debris.
- Dry mouth reduces saliva flow that normally helps cleanse the mouth and tonsils.
- Diets high in dairy or processed foods may leave more residue on the tonsils.
- Bacterial growth in the mouth breaks down trapped particles and forms biofilms that calcify.
- Nasal congestion or allergies cause mouth breathing and dry mouth, facilitating debris accumulation.
- Tonsil stones are more common in adults and people with repeated infections of the throat.
In summary, to get tonsil stones, debris must accumulate and harden in the tonsil crypts, often due to factors like poor oral hygiene, chronic tonsil inflammation, enlarged tonsils, and dry mouth conditions.
