Bacterial vaginosis (BV) occurs when there is an imbalance in the normal bacteria of the vagina, specifically when "bad" bacteria (anaerobes) overgrow compared to the "good" bacteria (lactobacilli) that usually keep the vagina healthy
. You can get BV through factors that disrupt this bacterial balance, including:
- Having new or multiple sexual partners, which can change the vaginal bacterial environment
- Sexual activity in general increases risk, although BV is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
- Douching or using vaginal deodorants and washes, which alter the natural vaginal chemistry
- Smoking
- Using an intrauterine device (copper coil)
- Hormonal changes such as puberty, pregnancy, or menopause
- Frequent or heavy menstruation
- Use of sex toys, perfumed lubricants, or wearing tight synthetic underwear for long periods
BV can also occur in women who have never had sex, but it is more common in those who are sexually active
. In summary, BV arises mainly due to an imbalance in vaginal bacteria caused by sexual activity, changes in partners, vaginal hygiene practices like douching, and other factors that affect vaginal pH and bacterial health
. It is not directly transmitted like an STI but is linked to sexual behaviors and other lifestyle factors.
