why my period is late

A late period can be caused by many factors beyond pregnancy. Common reasons include stress, significant weight changes (gain or loss), intense exercise, hormonal imbalances, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid issues, certain medications, breastfeeding, and the onset of menopause or perimenopause. Stress can disrupt hormone levels and menstrual cycles by affecting the hypothalamus, which controls periods. Weight changes affect estrogen levels, and excessive exercise can lead to a condition called exercise-induced amenorrhea, stopping periods for a while. Hormonal conditions like PCOS or thyroid disorders frequently cause irregular or missed periods. Medications like birth control, antidepressants, or thyroid treatments can also delay menstruation. It is advisable to take a pregnancy test if sexually active and consult a healthcare provider for persistent irregularities or other symptoms like weight changes or abnormal hair growth.