Prostitution is considered a crime primarily due to concerns about associated social and public health issues, moral and ethical views, and the potential exploitation involved. Historically, prostitution has been criminalized because of three main reasons: some prostitutes were seen as victims needing rescue, some were considered to spread immorality and corruption, and prostitution was linked to social problems like drug use and theft. Laws are also intended to protect public health by reducing sexually transmitted diseases, protect minors from exploitation, and combat crimes connected to prostitution such as pimping and trafficking. The criminalization aims to regulate or suppress the trade due to these complex social harms and moral considerations rather than the act itself being inherently criminal in a victimless sense.
Additionally, prostitution laws typically prohibit offering or agreeing to engage in sexual conduct for money or compensation and also penalize third parties who promote or benefit from prostitution. In some places, the crime extends to controlling or causing others to engage in prostitution by coercion or fraud, which points to exploitation concerns as a key reason why it is criminalized.
Debate exists about whether criminalizing prostitution is effective, as some argue for regulation and legalization to improve safety and health outcomes, while others cite concerns about increased demand and exploitation if legalized.
