Palm oil is considered bad mainly for two reasons: its health impact and its environmental consequences.
Health Concerns
Palm oil is high in saturated fat, which can raise levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ("bad cholesterol"), increasing the risk of heart disease and inflammation. Although scientific opinions vary and some research suggests moderate consumption may not be harmful, excessive intake of saturated fat like that in palm oil is generally linked to cardiovascular health risks. Palm oil contains palmitic acid, a saturated fat that has a milder effect on cholesterol than animal sources but still contributes to potential health problems when consumed in excess.
Environmental Impact
Palm oil production is strongly linked to deforestation, habitat destruction, and biodiversity loss, especially in tropical regions like Southeast Asia. To establish palm plantations, large areas of rainforest are cleared, threatening endangered species such as orangutans and Sumatran tigers. Moreover, this deforestation process releases significant greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change. The cultivation practices often involve heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides, polluting waterways and causing soil erosion, which further damages ecosystems.
In summary, palm oil's negative reputation derives more from its environmental and ecological harms than from its health effects, although its saturated fat content also raises some health concerns. Alternative oils like olive or avocado oil are often recommended for healthier cooking options, and sustainable sourcing of palm oil is encouraged to mitigate environmental damage.
