A white tongue is commonly caused by a buildup of bacteria, fungi, dead cells, or food debris trapped between the swollen papillae (tiny bumps) on the tongue surface. This can happen due to poor oral hygiene, dry mouth, dehydration, mouth breathing, smoking, alcohol use, or even irritation from sharp teeth or dental appliances. Sometimes, a white tongue may also indicate a fungal infection like oral thrush or other health conditions such as leukoplakia or gastroesophageal reflux. Usually, it is harmless and can be improved by better oral care, but if it persists for more than two weeks or worsens, medical advice should be sought to rule out more serious causes.
Common Causes of White Tongue
- Poor oral hygiene leading to debris buildup.
- Dry mouth or dehydration reducing saliva.
- Mouth breathing and irritation.
- Smoking and alcohol consumption.
- Fungal infections like oral thrush.
- Some medications and underlying health conditions.
When to See a Doctor
- White coating lasting more than two weeks.
- Accompanying pain, burning, or other unusual symptoms.
- Signs of possible infection or systemic illness.
Improving brushing and flossing habits, staying hydrated, and avoiding irritants usually help resolve a white tongue.
