why is frankenstein called the modern prometheus

The novel "Frankenstein" is called "The Modern Prometheus" because the author, Mary Shelley, drew a deliberate parallel between Victor Frankenstein and the Greek mythological figure Prometheus. Prometheus is a Titan who created humans and gave them the gift of fire, which was a divine power and symbol of knowledge and technology. For this act, Prometheus was severely punished by the gods. Victor Frankenstein is considered a "Modern Prometheus" because, like Prometheus, he defies natural boundaries by creating life, an ability traditionally reserved for God or the divine. He uses scientific knowledge to bring a creature to life, akin to Prometheus giving fire to mankind. However, Victor's creation leads to severe consequences, much like Prometheus's punishment. Victor suffers greatly as his creation brings destruction and personal loss, symbolizing the punishment and torment Prometheus endured. Shelley’s choice of subtitle emphasizes themes of unchecked ambition, the dangers of scientific overreach, and the consequences of taking on godlike powers without foresight. Thus, Frankenstein is called the Modern Prometheus because both figures bring something powerful and transformative to humanity (fire for Prometheus, life for Frankenstein) but suffer greatly as a result of this transgression against natural or divine order.