We have fingernails because they serve several important biological functions, including strengthening and protecting the fingertips, enhancing fine motor skills, and aiding sensation. Fingernails make the fingertips stronger and protect them from injury, while also helping with tasks that require precise manipulation such as picking up small objects or scratching. Additionally, fingernails support the skin on the fingertips, preventing it from bending backward when gripping something tightly, and they contain a network of nerves beneath them that contribute to the sense of touch.
Key Functions of Fingernails
- Strengthening: Fingernails provide a hard covering that makes the fingertips some of the strongest parts of the hand.
- Protection: Nails protect the delicate skin and tissues of the fingertips from viruses, bacteria, and physical damage.
- Enhancing Fine Motor Movements: They assist in precise tasks like picking up small objects, scratching, or separating items like pages of a book.
- Sensation: Although the nails themselves don’t have nerve endings, the area beneath the nail is rich in nerves, enhancing fingertip sensation.
Overall, fingernails are essential tools that improve hand functionality and contribute to the remarkable sensitivity of our fingertips.