why do plant cells have larger vacuoles than animal cells

Plant cells have larger vacuoles than animal cells primarily because the large central vacuole in plant cells stores water and various nutrients, maintains cell rigidity and shape, and helps the plant remain upright. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a rigid cell wall that requires the vacuole to exert turgor pressure to keep the cell firm and prevent wilting. The vacuole also isolates harmful materials and stores inorganic ions and organic molecules, supporting the plant's metabolic needs and growth. Animal cells have smaller and more numerous vacuoles mainly involved in transport and waste removal but do not require large vacuoles for structural support or storage as plants do.