Hiccups when eating happen because the diaphragm muscle suddenly spasms, causing a quick intake of air that is abruptly stopped by the closing of the airway. This spasm is involuntary and can be triggered by irritation or stimulation of the diaphragm or the nerves controlling it (the phrenic and vagus nerves). Common reasons for getting hiccups when eating include:
- Eating too quickly or too much, causing the stomach to rapidly expand and press on the diaphragm.
- Swallowing air while eating, especially when talking or chewing dry foods.
- Consuming carbonated drinks or alcohol, which can cause gas and stomach distension.
- Eating foods that irritate the esophagus, such as very hot, cold, spicy, or acidic foods.
All these factors irritate the diaphragm or the nerves near the esophagus that control it, leading to the hiccup reflex. Typically, hiccups stop on their own and are harmless, but avoiding these triggers can help reduce them when eating.