Gorillas beat their chests primarily as a form of non-verbal communication to assert dominance and establish territory. This chest-beating signals strength and warns rival males to respect the space of the dominant silverback, helping maintain social hierarchies without physical conflict. It also serves to attract females during courtship and can be an expression of excitement or agitation. The sound produced by beating the chest is amplified by the gorilla's large chest cavity, allowing it to resonate through the forest and be heard over long distances. Additionally, younger gorillas may beat their chests during play as practice for social cues they will need as adults. When non-alpha males beat their chests, it is usually less intense and more about expressing emotions rather than challenging authority. If the chest beating is intense and aggressive, it may signal a challenge to the dominant male. Chest beating is also a warning signal before mock or real charges, indicating the gorilla is prepared to defend its group or territory. This behavior conserves energy and reduces injury risks by avoiding direct fights through intimidation displays. In summary, gorillas beat their chests to communicate dominance, assert territory, attract mates, express emotions, and serve as warning signals within their social groups and to potential rivals or threats outside the group.
