Babies are given the hepatitis B vaccine to protect them from a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can be transmitted from the mother during birth or through close contact with infected individuals. Newborns infected at birth have a 90% chance of developing chronic hepatitis B, leading to severe liver disease, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and even death later in life. The vaccine is given within 24 hours of birth to provide early protection, as it effectively prevents the baby from becoming infected and helps build lifelong immunity.
Why Babies Get the Hepatitis B Vaccine
- Babies can be infected with hepatitis B during delivery if their mother carries the virus without knowing.
- Infants who acquire hepatitis B have a very high risk (about 90%) of developing chronic infection, which can cause serious lifelong liver problems and death in about 25% of chronic cases.
- The virus can also spread through casual contact with infected household members or caregivers who may be unaware they carry the virus.
- Vaccinating newborns within 24 hours of birth significantly reduces their risk of infection and prevents liver disease and cancer later in life by stimulating their immune system early.
Additional Points
- The vaccine is part of routine immunization schedules in many countries and is often given in multiple doses over the first months to build strong immunity.
- In cases where the mother is known to be infected, babies may also receive hepatitis B immune globulin for extra protection.
- The vaccine not only protects the infant at birth but also reduces future transmission risks from family or community exposure.
Overall, the hepatitis B vaccine at birth acts as a critical safeguard to prevent a dangerous and often silent infection that has severe health consequences if contracted early in life.