The American Civil War was won by the Union (the North). The war effectively ended in April 1865 when Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his troops to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia
. The final Confederate surrender occurred in June 1865 in Texas. The Union's victory was due to several factors, including its superior resources such as manpower, industrial capacity, and transportation infrastructure, as well as effective leadership by President Abraham Lincoln and General Grant
. Key turning points in the war included Union victories at the Battle of Gettysburg and the fall of Vicksburg in July 1863, which dealt significant blows to Confederate morale
. The war resulted in the defeat of the Confederate States, the abolition of slavery, and the eventual reintegration of the Southern states into the United States during the Reconstruction era
