who invented insulin

Insulin was discovered in 1921 by Sir Frederick G. Banting, Charles H. Best, and John J.R. Macleod at the University of Toronto. Banting, a Canadian surgeon, had the initial idea to extract insulin by tying off the pancreatic duct to preserve insulin-producing cells, and with Macleod's support, he worked with Best, a medical student, to isolate insulin from dogs' pancreases. James B. Collip later joined the team to purify the insulin for safe human use. The first successful treatment of a human with insulin occurred in January 1922 on Leonard Thompson, a 14-year-old boy with type 1 diabetes. Banting, Best, and Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1923 for this discovery, with Banting sharing his prize money with Best