The Indian national flag was originally designed by Pingali Venkayya, an Indian freedom fighter, in 1921. He presented his design to Mahatma Gandhi, which initially had red and green stripes representing Hindus and Muslims respectively, and on Gandhi's suggestion, a white stripe was added to represent other communities in India. This design was used informally at Indian National Congress meetings and served as the foundation for the current national flag, which was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly on July 22, 1947
. However, the final design of the flag, featuring the Ashoka Chakra (a 24-spoke wheel) in the center instead of the spinning wheel (charkha), was developed by Surayya Tyabji and her husband Badruddin Tyabji. They replaced the charkha with the Ashoka Chakra to avoid the flag being seen as a party symbol and to represent a more inclusive national emblem. This design was the one hoisted on August 15, 1947, at India's independence
. In summary:
- Pingali Venkayya designed the original tricolor flag concept in 1921.
- Surayya Tyabji and Badruddin Tyabji redesigned the flag by replacing the charkha with the Ashoka Chakra before independence in 1947
