Jesus Christ was crucified by the Romans under the authority of Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea. Crucifixion was a Roman method of execution, and Roman soldiers physically carried out the crucifixion, including nailing Jesus to the cross and piercing his side with a spear
. However, the religious leaders of the Jewish Sanhedrin played a significant role in Jesus' death. They arrested Jesus, tried him, and demanded that the Romans put him to death because his teachings threatened their authority. They brought Jesus before Pilate and pressured him to order the crucifixion
. The general Jewish crowd was also involved, as they called for Jesus to be crucified and chose to release Barabbas, a criminal, instead of Jesus during Pilate's trial
. In summary:
- The Romans, led by Pontius Pilate, carried out the crucifixion.
- Jewish religious leaders orchestrated Jesus' arrest and trial and pressured Pilate for his execution.
- The Jewish crowd participated by demanding crucifixion.
This complex involvement has historically led to misunderstandings and unjust blame placed on the Jewish people alone, while the Roman authorities were ultimately responsible for the execution
. Additionally, Christian theology holds that Jesus' death was part of God's divine plan for salvation, with human agents carrying out the events under God's sovereign allowance
