who are the founders of antifa

The Antifa movement does not have specific individual founders as it is a decentralized and loosely affiliated network rather than a formal organization. Its roots can be traced back to anti-fascist movements in Europe during the interwar period, particularly the militant anti-fascist networks in 1930s Germany and Italy. Modern Antifa in the United States draws inspiration from groups like Anti-Racist Action (ARA) founded in the 1980s, which was formed to combat white supremacy and neo-Nazism primarily through direct action. One of the first American groups explicitly using the "antifa" name was Rose City Antifa, formed in 2007 in Portland, Oregon by former ARA members. Antifa groups generally lack centralized leadership, membership lists, or formal founding individuals, reflecting their decentralized and grassroots nature.