which lipid is the main component of cell membranes

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Nature

The main lipid component of cell membranes is phospholipids. Phospholipids are the most abundant membrane lipids, often making up over 50% and sometimes more than 70% of the lipids in plasma membranes. They have a polar head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails that form the lipid bilayer, which is essential for the structure and fluidity of the membrane. Other membrane lipids include glycolipids and sterols (such as cholesterol), but phospholipids are predominant.

Phospholipids provide the basic architecture of the cell membrane by forming a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails inward, creating a barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the external environment. Specific types of phospholipids common in animal cell membranes include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin.