Islam originated in the 7th century CE on the Arabian Peninsula, specifically in the city of Mecca, which is part of present-day Saudi Arabia. It began with the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, who received his first divine revelation around the year 610 CE while meditating near Mecca. His revelations continued over 23 years and were later compiled into the Quran, Islam's holy book. Muhammad's message emphasized monotheism, social justice, and equality, eventually leading to the formation of the Muslim community (ummah) and the establishment of Islam as a major religious tradition. The migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE (Hijra) marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar and the consolidation of the first Islamic state. After several years of conflict, Muhammad and his followers conquered Mecca in 630 CE, dedicating the Kaaba to Allah alone. Islam rapidly expanded beyond the Arabian Peninsula following Muhammad's death in 632 CE.
