DNA replication happens during the S phase (Synthesis phase) of the cell cycle. This stage comes after the G1 phase, where the cell grows, and before the G2 phase, where the cell prepares for division. During the S phase, the DNA is unwound and copied to create two identical DNA molecules. This replication process ensures that when the cell divides, each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the DNA. Specifically, enzymes like helicase unwind the DNA strands, DNA polymerase synthesizes the new strands, and other enzymes work to complete and proofread the replication. DNA replication takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the nucleoid region of prokaryotic cells. In summary:
- DNA replication occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle.
- It prepares the cell for division by duplicating its DNA.
- The process is carefully regulated and involves several key enzymes.
This happens prior to cell division to ensure that both daughter cells receive the same genetic material.
