when did the ottoman empire end

The Ottoman Empire officially ended in 1922 when the Ottoman Sultanate was abolished and replaced by the Republic of Turkey. This marked the end of more than 600 years of Ottoman rule, which began around 1300 with the founding of the empire by Osman I. The empire disintegrated after its defeat in World War I, leading to the rise of nationalist movements and the eventual formation of modern Turkey under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.