Push-ups primarily work several major muscle groups in the upper body and core:
- Pectoralis Major and Minor (Chest Muscles): The pectoralis major is the largest chest muscle and the prime mover during push-ups, controlling the lowering and pushing up of the torso. The pectoralis minor lies underneath and helps stabilize the shoulder blades
- Triceps Brachii: Located at the back of the upper arm, the triceps have three heads and are crucial for extending the arms during the push-up, especially in the pushing phase
- Anterior Deltoids (Front Shoulders): These shoulder muscles assist in moving the arms inward and stabilizing the shoulder joint throughout the movement
- Core Muscles: The abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis, obliques, transversus abdominis) and deep back muscles (erector spinae, multifidus) engage isometrically to keep the spine straight and maintain proper form
- Upper Back Muscles: Muscles such as the rhomboids and trapezius help stabilize the shoulder blades and assist in controlling the movement
Additional muscles involved to a lesser extent include the serratus anterior (side of the chest beneath the upper arm) and biceps (front of the upper arm)
. In summary, push-ups are a compound exercise that primarily target the chest, triceps, and shoulders, while also engaging the core and upper back for stability and control
