"Von" is a German language term that can be used in surnames either as a nobiliary particle indicating a noble patrilineality, or as a simple preposition used by commoners that means "of" or "from". In medieval or early modern names, the "von" particle was at times added to commoners names, indicating their place of origin, for example, "Hans von Duisburg" meant "Hans from . The term "von" is also used as a boys name of Old Norse origin, meaning "hope". In medicine, "von" is used in the term "von Willebrand disease," which is a genetic blood disorder marked by prolonged, excessive, or abnormal bleeding that commonly results in recurrent nosebleeds, heavy menstrual flow, and easy bruising. Finally, "VON" can also stand for "Voice Over Network," which is a technology that allows voice communication over the internet.