Trichomoniasis, often called "trich," is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a parasite named Trichomonas vaginalis.
It primarily affects the genital areas, including the vagina, penis, urethra, and cervix.
Most people with trichomoniasis do not have symptoms—about 70% are asymptomatic.
When symptoms do occur, they typically appear 5 to 28 days after infection and can include:
- For women: itching, burning, redness or soreness of the genitals, discomfort during urination, and a foul-smelling vaginal discharge that may be clear, white, yellowish, or greenish.
- For men: itching or irritation inside the penis, burning after urination or ejaculation, and penile discharge.
Trichomoniasis is transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, or anal sex, as well as genital touching and sharing sex toys. It is not spread through casual contact like hugging or sharing food.
If untreated, trichomoniasis can last for months or years and may increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting other STIs, including HIV. In pregnant women, it can lead to premature birth and low birth weight babies.
Diagnosis is made by detecting the parasite in genital fluids through microscopic examination, culture, or DNA testing.
The infection is curable with antibiotics such as metronidazole or tinidazole, and sexual partners should also be treated to prevent reinfection.
Preventive measures include consistent condom use, limiting sexual partners, and regular STI testing.
