The primary function of the trachea is to serve as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx (voice box) and the lungs, allowing inhaled oxygen to reach the lungs and exhaled carbon dioxide to leave the body
. Additionally, the trachea plays a protective role in the respiratory system by:
- Warming, moistening, and filtering the air before it reaches the lungs
- Trapping dust, allergens, microbes, and other debris in mucus secreted by goblet cells lining the trachea
- Using cilia (tiny hair-like structures) to move mucus and trapped particles upward toward the throat to be expelled or swallowed, helping to keep the airways clear
- Supporting coughing reflexes via the trachealis muscle to expel irritants and clear the airway
Structurally, the trachea is reinforced by C-shaped rings of cartilage that keep it open and prevent collapse during breathing
. Its location is anterior to the esophagus, extending from the larynx down to the bronchi where it splits to each lung
. In summary, the trachea functions as a sturdy, flexible airway conduit that not only transports air but also protects the lungs by filtering and clearing inhaled particles and pathogens.
