The function of digestive enzymes is to speed up and facilitate the chemical digestion of food by breaking down complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller, absorbable substances. These enzymes catalyze the breakdown of nutrients into simpler forms that the digestive tract can absorb and use.
Functions of Specific Digestive Enzymes
- Amylase : Breaks down carbohydrates (starch) into simpler sugars; secreted in saliva and by the pancreas.
- Protease (e.g., Pepsin, Trypsin) : Breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids; pepsin acts in the stomach, trypsin in the small intestine.
- Lipase : Breaks down fats into glycerol and fatty acids; secreted by the pancreas and acts in the small intestine.
Overall Role
Digestive enzymes ensure efficient digestion, allowing nutrients from food to be absorbed by the body for energy, growth, and repair. They act in different parts of the digestive system including the mouth, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine, with each enzyme targeting a specific nutrient type for digestion. Without digestive enzymes, nutrient absorption is impaired, which can lead to malnutrition and digestive discomfort.
