The difference between race and ethnicity lies primarily in their basis and meaning:
- Race is generally understood as a classification based on physical characteristics inherited biologically, such as skin color, hair texture, facial features, and other observable traits. It is often seen as a social construct used to group people, historically linked to hierarchical social structures and discrimination. Race is typically assigned or perceived by others and is considered more fixed or inherited
- Ethnicity , on the other hand, refers to shared cultural traits and identity, including language, religion, customs, history, and geographic origin. It is more about cultural expression and identification, which people can learn, choose, or change over time. Ethnicity encompasses the social practices and heritage that connect a group of people beyond physical appearance
In summary:
Aspect| Race| Ethnicity
---|---|---
Basis| Physical/biological traits| Cultural traits and shared heritage
Inheritance| Inherited from parents| Learned or chosen identity
Examples| Black, White, Asian| Hispanic, Italian, Jewish
Social Role| Often used to categorize and rank socially| Reflects cultural
identity and traditions
Flexibility| Less flexible, often externally assigned| More flexible, self-
identified
Race is often viewed as a social construct with no strict biological basis but significant social impact, while ethnicity is more about cultural belonging and identity
. People can share the same race but have different ethnicities (e.g., someone may be racially Black but ethnically Nigerian or Jamaican). Ethnicity allows for multiple identities and can be more fluid than race
. Thus, race focuses on physical differences, whereas ethnicity emphasizes cultural connections and shared experiences.
