what is the bends diving

The bends, also known as decompression sickness (DCS) or Caisson disease, is a condition that occurs in scuba divers or high altitude or aerospace events when dissolved gases (mainly nitrogen) come out of solution in the bloodstream, forming gas bubbles in the circulation. The risk of DCS increases when diving for extended periods or at greater depth, without ascending gradually and making the decompression stops needed to slowly reduce the excess pressure of inert gases dissolved in the body. Symptoms of the bends generally begin within 6-48 hours after diving and can affect almost any area of the body or any organ, including the lungs, heart, brain, joints, and skin. Common signs and symptoms of the bends include joint pain, fatigue, low back pain, paralysis or numbness of the legs, and weakness or numbness in the arms. Treatment involves recompression in a hyperbaric chamber, which becomes pressurized with air and oxygen based on prearranged protocols to simulate pressure depths of 30 to 60 feet. To prevent the excess formation of bubbles that can lead to decompression sickness, divers limit their ascent rate and follow a decompression schedule as necessary. Some tips to avoid the bends include diving and rising slowly in the water, not staying at your deepest depth longer than recommended, not flying within 24 hours after diving, avoiding hot tubs, saunas or hot baths after diving, and making sure you are well hydrated, well rested, and prepared before you scuba dive.