Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are transmitted from person to person through sexual contact. There are dozens of STDs, but some of the most common ones include:
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Chlamydia: This is a bacterial infection that can infect the urethra (bladder opening) and cervix (uterus opening). It is common in young people aged fifteen to nineteen, and it is easily treated. However, it tends to be silent and can go undiagnosed until it becomes more serious than in its early stages. Three in four women and one in two men have no symptoms.
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Genital herpes: This is a viral infection that is very common, but most people with the infection do not know they have it. While there is no cure, there are medicines available that can prevent or shorten outbreaks. These medicines also can make it less likely to pass the infection on to others.
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Gonorrhea: This is a bacterial infection that can be transmitted through vaginal and anal intercourse, and oral sex. It shares many of the same symptoms with chlamydia, and the two diseases can occur together. If left untreated, it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which is a major cause of female infertility and pelvic pain.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: This is a viral infection that is very common, and it can cause genital warts and certain types of cancer, including cervical cancer. There are vaccines available to prevent HPV infection.
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Syphilis: This is a bacterial infection that can cause serious health problems if left untreated. It can be transmitted through vaginal, anal, and oral sex, as well as through direct contact with a syphilis sore. It can be cured with antibiotics.
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Trichomoniasis: This is a parasitic infection that can cause itching, burning, and discharge. It is easily treated with antibiotics.
It is important to note that many STDs have no symptoms, so people can have an infection but not know it. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading STDs. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.
