Reverse osmosis (RO) water is water that has been purified by a process that forces it through a semipermeable membrane under pressure. This membrane allows only water molecules to pass through while blocking contaminants such as dissolved salts, chemicals, heavy metals, microorganisms, and particulates
. How Reverse Osmosis Works:
- Water is pushed at high pressure against a semipermeable membrane.
- The membrane selectively allows water molecules to pass but rejects larger molecules and impurities based on size, shape, and charge.
- Contaminants like salts, chlorine, lead, bacteria, and pesticides are left behind and flushed away as waste (concentrate or brine).
- The purified water that passes through the membrane is called permeate and is collected for use
What RO Removes:
- Dissolved salts and minerals (e.g., sodium, calcium, magnesium)
- Chemicals such as chlorine, fluoride, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds
- Heavy metals including lead, arsenic, and chromium
- Biological contaminants like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa
- Sediments and particulate matter
- Some pharmaceuticals and radiological elements
Applications: RO is widely used for producing clean drinking water from tap water, brackish water, and seawater (desalination). It is also employed in industries such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and semiconductor manufacturing
. In summary, reverse osmosis water is highly purified water produced by forcing water through a semipermeable membrane that removes a broad range of contaminants, resulting in clean, safe, and often better-tasting water
