Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication characterized primarily by new-onset high blood pressure (hypertension) and protein in the urine (proteinuria) after 20 weeks of gestation. It can also involve signs of organ dysfunction, including kidney, liver, neurological, or hematological issues
Key Features of Preeclampsia:
- High blood pressure: Blood pressure readings of 140/90 mm Hg or higher on two occasions at least 4 hours apart, or more severe hypertension (160/110 mm Hg or higher)
- Proteinuria: Excess protein detected in the urine, indicating kidney involvement
- Other symptoms: May include swelling of the face, hands, or legs; severe headaches; visual disturbances (blurry vision, flashing lights); upper right abdominal pain; nausea or vomiting; dizziness; and sudden weight gain due to fluid retention
Causes:
Preeclampsia is thought to result from abnormal development of the placenta, leading to poor blood flow between mother and baby. This causes the placenta to release substances that damage the mother's blood vessels, resulting in high blood pressure and organ dysfunction
Risks and Complications:
If untreated, preeclampsia can lead to severe complications such as seizures (eclampsia), organ failure, and even death for both mother and baby. It can also cause poor fetal growth due to insufficient blood supply through the placenta
Diagnosis and Monitoring:
Diagnosis is made through blood pressure measurement and urine tests during prenatal visits. Because symptoms can be mild or absent early on, regular prenatal care is critical for early detection
Summary:
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder marked by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks, with potential for serious health risks to mother and fetus. Early diagnosis and management are essential to prevent complications
. If symptoms such as severe headache, vision changes, abdominal pain, or sudden swelling occur, immediate medical attention is advised
