Parvo, short for canine parvovirus (CPV), is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects dogs, especially puppies and unvaccinated dogs
. It is caused by a DNA virus that attacks rapidly dividing cells, mainly targeting the lining of the small intestine and bone marrow
. In very young puppies, it can also damage heart muscle cells
. The virus spreads through contact with contaminated feces or vomit, and can also survive on surfaces such as leashes, bedding, and food bowls, making indirect transmission common
. The virus is resistant to many disinfectants and can persist in the environment for months or even years under certain conditions
. Parvo causes severe gastrointestinal symptoms including:
- Bloody diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Fever
- Dehydration
- Lethargy
- Loss of appetite
The virus damages the intestinal lining, preventing nutrient absorption and allowing bacteria to enter the bloodstream, which can lead to severe dehydration, shock, and potentially death if untreated
. It also attacks bone marrow, reducing white blood cell production and weakening the immune system
. There is no specific cure for parvo; treatment focuses on supportive care to help the dog’s body fight the infection
. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent parvo infection, especially important for puppies between 6 to 20 weeks old
. In summary, parvo is a serious, often fatal viral disease in dogs that requires prompt veterinary attention and prevention through vaccination
