Oncology is the branch of medicine dedicated to the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer. The term originates from the Greek word "onkos," meaning tumor or mass, combined with "logos," meaning study
. Oncologists are medical doctors specialized in oncology who manage the care of people at risk for cancer, those undergoing cancer treatment, and survivors after treatment. Their roles include diagnosing cancer, recommending and overseeing treatment plans (such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies), monitoring treatment response, coordinating care, and providing follow-up and supportive care
. Oncology is subdivided into several specialties based on treatment methods or cancer types, including:
- Medical oncology (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy)
- Surgical oncology (cancer surgery)
- Radiation oncology (radiation therapy)
- Pediatric oncology (cancer in children)
- Hematology oncology (blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma)
- Gynecologic oncology (female reproductive cancers)
- Neuro-oncology (brain and nervous system cancers)
- Geriatric oncology (cancer in older adults)
- And many others focused on specific organs or patient groups
Oncology also encompasses cancer research, prevention strategies, screening, palliative care, and ethical considerations in cancer treatment
. In summary, oncology is a comprehensive medical field focused on all aspects of cancer care, from understanding the disease to delivering specialized treatments and supporting patients throughout their cancer journey.
