A nutrient is a chemical substance obtained from food that organisms need to survive, grow, and reproduce. Nutrients support various bodily functions including energy production, growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues
. Nutrients are broadly classified into two categories:
- Macronutrients: Needed in large amounts, they provide energy and include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and water. Macronutrients fuel the body and support its basic functions
- Micronutrients: Required in smaller amounts, these include vitamins and minerals which support metabolism, immune function, and overall health
All organisms require water as an essential nutrient. Different organisms have different essential nutrients depending on their biology. For example, humans require certain amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals that they cannot synthesize themselves
. In summary, nutrients are substances in food essential for nourishment, energy, growth, and maintaining health across all forms of life
