Natural resources are materials and components found in nature that humans use with little or no modification. They include elements such as sunlight, air, water, land, minerals, plants, and animals, which provide economic, industrial, aesthetic, scientific, and cultural value
. These resources exist independently of human actions and form the basis of life on Earth. They can be consumed directly (like water and food) or used as raw materials to produce goods (like timber from trees)
. Natural resources are broadly classified into two types:
- Renewable resources: These can be replenished naturally at a rate comparable to their consumption, such as forests, wind, and water
- Non-renewable resources: These exist in finite amounts and cannot be replenished on a human timescale, such as fossil fuels (petroleum, coal) and minerals
Natural resources are essential for survival, economic development, and the production of goods and services. They are interconnected; for example, the removal of water affects vegetation, soil, and wildlife
. Sustainable management of these resources is critical to prevent depletion and environmental damage
. In summary, natural resources are naturally occurring substances and energy sources that support life and human activities, ranging from raw materials to energy provision
