Nationalism is an ideology and political movement centered on loyalty, devotion, or allegiance to a nation or nation-state, often prioritizing these obligations above other individual or group interests
. It holds that each nation should govern itself independently, free from external interference, and that the nation is the rightful source of political power
. Nationalism seeks to build and maintain a shared national identity based on common culture, language, history, ethnicity, religion, and traditions, promoting national unity and solidarity
. The concept of nationalism is modern, emerging strongly in the late 18th century with events like the American and French revolutions, which emphasized popular sovereignty and self-determination
. It has since played a major role in shaping political boundaries and identities worldwide, especially in Europe, Asia, and Africa
. Nationalism can manifest as political movements seeking statehood or autonomy, or as cultural movements aiming to preserve or revive national languages and traditions
. Philosophically, nationalism involves the belief that individuals' primary identity and loyalty lie with their nation, which demands preferential treatment over other affiliations
. This often includes the pursuit of national sovereignty and territorial control
. Nationalism is sometimes divided into ethnic nationalism (based on shared ethnicity) and civic nationalism (based on shared political values and citizenship)
. In summary, nationalism is the ideology that emphasizes the importance of the nation as a fundamental political and social unit, advocating for national self-governance, identity, and unity above other considerations
