Mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of soil, used primarily to conserve soil moisture, improve soil health and fertility, suppress weeds, regulate soil temperature, and enhance the garden's appearance
. It acts as a protective barrier that reduces evaporation, prevents soil erosion, and can provide nutrients as it decomposes
. There are two main types of mulch:
- Organic mulch: Made from natural, biodegradable materials such as grass clippings, leaves, straw, bark chips, wood chips, compost, and manure. Organic mulches enrich the soil as they break down, improve soil structure, and support beneficial soil organisms
. They are commonly used in vegetable gardens and flower beds.
- Inorganic mulch: Made from synthetic or non-biodegradable materials like plastic sheeting, rubber mulch, stones, gravel, or landscape fabric. These mulches are effective at blocking weeds and retaining moisture but do not add nutrients to the soil
Mulch is typically applied in layers about 5 cm (2 inches) or more thick and can be used around plants, on bare soil, flower beds, paths, or slopes to prevent erosion
. Timing for applying mulch varies with purpose and climate, often in late spring or early summer to maximize benefits while minimizing downsides like oxygen reduction in soil or blocking water from light rains
. In summary, mulch is a versatile gardening practice involving covering soil with materials that protect and improve the soil environment, conserve water, reduce weeds, and enhance plant health and garden aesthetics
