Metronidazole is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial and parasitic infections. Its primary uses include:
- Infections of the reproductive system, such as bacterial vaginosis and pelvic inflammatory disease
- Gastrointestinal tract infections, including amebiasis and infections caused by anaerobic bacteria
- Skin infections, including rosacea and infected ulcers or wounds
- Mouth infections, such as dental abscesses and gum disease
- Bloodstream infections (septicemia)
- Bone and joint infections
- Infections of the brain and spinal cord membranes (meningitis)
- Lung infections like pneumonia and lung abscess
- Heart infections including endocarditis
- Certain sexually transmitted infections, notably trichomoniasis
- Prevention of infections after surgeries, especially intestinal surgery
Metronidazole works by stopping the growth of bacteria and some protozoans, damaging their DNA, which leads to bacterial death. It is effective against anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites but not aerobic bacteria
. It is available in various forms such as tablets, capsules, oral suspension, and topical gels or creams. Treatment duration and dosage depend on the type and severity of the infection
. Additionally, metronidazole has been studied for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, which may contribute to its effectiveness in conditions like rosacea and periodontitis
