what is mccarthyism?

McCarthyism refers to a political practice and mid-20th century political attitude primarily associated with U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin during the 1950s. It involved publicly accusing government employees and others of being disloyal, subversive, or communist, often without substantial evidence. This era was characterized by intense fear of communist infiltration in the United States, especially during the Cold War's early years. The term "McCarthyism" was coined to describe McCarthy's investigations and hearings aimed at exposing supposed communist infiltration in various areas of the government. McCarthy claimed to have lists of communists working in the government, which triggered widespread investigations and public trials. His tactics included personal attacks and sweeping allegations, often based on unsubstantiated charges. McCarthyism resulted in the loss of jobs, public condemnation, and a climate of fear where people were pressured to conform politically. It suppressed unfavorable political or social views under the guise of national security, often violating civil liberties. The practice is now used broadly to describe reckless accusations and attempts to silence or discredit political opponents through unfair investigations and allegations. McCarthyism declined after televised Senate hearings in 1954 showcased McCarthy's bullying tactics, culminating in his censure by the Senate and a shift in public opinion against him. Despite this, the term remains relevant today in describing similar political repression tactics.