Dyspepsia, also known as indigestion, is a condition characterized by pain or discomfort in the upper middle part of the stomach area. This discomfort might come and go but is often persistent. Symptoms of dyspepsia include:
- Pain or burning sensation in the upper stomach
- Feeling too full during or after a meal
- Bloating
- Heartburn
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Burping
Dyspepsia is not a disease itself but rather a symptom of several possible underlying conditions, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), stomach ulcers, gastritis, or sometimes even stomach cancer. Often, no specific cause can be found, especially in cases called functional dyspepsia, which is chronic indigestion with no clear medical explanation. Causes of dyspepsia include irritation to the stomach lining, acid reflux, certain medications like anti-inflammatory pain relievers, and lifestyle factors such as eating too fast, consuming fatty or spicy foods, smoking, alcohol, or stress. While dyspepsia is usually not serious, persistent or severe symptoms—especially in individuals over 50 or with weight loss, trouble swallowing, or severe vomiting—should prompt medical evaluation to rule out more serious conditions. Treatment often involves lifestyle changes like eating smaller meals, avoiding trigger foods, reducing alcohol and caffeine intake, and sometimes medications to reduce stomach acid or treat underlying infections. In summary, dyspepsia is a common symptom of upper abdominal discomfort or pain related to digestion, and managing it depends on identifying and addressing its cause. This understanding is based on medical sources including the American Academy of Family Physicians, Mayo Clinic, and other reputable health organizations.
