Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a medical condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs but it can also occur in other deep veins such as those in the arms, pelvis, or even brain and abdomen. It is a common and important condition because the clot can partially or fully block blood flow through the vein. Key points about DVT:
- Most commonly affects the deep veins of the lower leg and thigh.
- Symptoms can include pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and sometimes enlarged veins in the affected area, but some people may have no symptoms.
- The major concern with DVT is the risk of the clot breaking loose, traveling through the bloodstream, and lodging in the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism (PE), which can be life-threatening.
- DVT and PE together are known as venous thromboembolism (VTE).
- Risk factors include surgery, immobility, older age, cancer, obesity, infections, hormonal birth control, pregnancy, genetic factors, and more.
- Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent complications.
- Treatments include blood thinners, compression stockings, and sometimes surgical interventions.
DVT is a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to its potential to lead to pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome (chronic complications with pain and swelling). Prompt medical attention is important for anyone suspected of having DVT to reduce risks and improve outcomes. This summary is based on medical sources including the NIH, Mayo Clinic, NHS, and others. If you or someone else shows symptoms such as leg pain or swelling with redness and warmth, especially if sudden and unilateral, seek medical advice promptly. If symptoms of pulmonary embolism develop (chest pain, breathlessness), emergency care is essential.
