Dry heaving is the sensation of vomiting without producing any vomit. It involves the contraction of the abdominal walls and diaphragm, which allows the lungs to expand while the stomach and esophagus relax. Dry heaving generally serves to prepare the body for vomiting by helping reverse the movement of contents in the stomach and food pipe (esophagus). Dry heaving may also occur when the brain continues to send the signal to clear the stomach even though it is already empty.
Dry heaving is often caused by a combination of factors. Vomiting and nausea often accompany dry heaving, so they share many of the same risk factors. But there are medical conditions, medications, and certain situations that can specifically increase the risk of dry heaving. Common situations associated with dry heaving include excessive alcohol consumption, dehydration, low blood sugar, exercise, and exercising on a full stomach.
Dry heaving can come with all of the same symptoms as vomiting, as the process of retching is technically the first stage of vomiting. Dry heaving may lead to vomiting, but it doesn’t always. Dry heaving is usually temporary and treatable if you find the cause. However, if dry heaving continues for more than 24 hours or is severe, a person should seek medical attention. Moderate to severe cases of dry heaving can cause dehydration, which may require medical care and monitoring to prevent complications including kidney injury.
