Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath-the protective fatty covering around peripheral nerves. This immune attack causes inflammation and damage to the nerves, leading to progressive weakness and sensory impairment, primarily in the arms and legs
. CIDP typically develops gradually over at least eight weeks and is considered the chronic counterpart to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which is a related but more acute condition. Unlike GBS, CIDP symptoms worsen slowly and may persist or relapse over time
. Common symptoms of CIDP include:
- Progressive muscle weakness, especially in the limbs
- Sensory changes such as numbness, tingling, or loss of sensation
- Difficulty with motor functions like walking, climbing stairs, gripping objects
- Fatigue and slowed reflexes
- Symmetrical involvement of both sides of the body
The exact cause of CIDP is unknown, but it involves an autoimmune response that leads to inflammation and destruction of myelin, impairing nerve signal transmission
. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation, symptom history, physical examination, and nerve tests, as there is no single definitive test for CIDP
. Early treatment is important to reduce nerve damage and may include corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasma exchange, immunotherapy, and sometimes stem cell transplant. Physical therapy is also recommended to improve strength and function
. In summary, CIDP is a chronic autoimmune disorder causing inflammation and damage to peripheral nerves, resulting in progressive weakness and sensory problems that require ongoing management
