Bloat in dogs, medically known as gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), is a serious and life-threatening condition where a dog's stomach fills with gas, food, or fluid and expands dangerously. The stomach can also twist (volvulus), which cuts off blood supply to the stomach and other vital organs, leading to severe pain and potentially fatal complications if not treated immediately
What Happens in Bloat?
- The stomach fills with gas or fluid and expands.
- In some cases, the stomach twists, trapping contents and cutting off blood flow.
- This can cause the spleen to twist and lose circulation, and block blood return to the heart.
- The condition can cause shock, difficulty breathing, and death within hours without prompt veterinary care
Symptoms of Bloat
- Swollen, hard abdomen
- Retching or dry heaving without vomiting
- Excessive drooling
- Restlessness, pacing, anxiety
- Pain when touching the stomach
- Positioning with front half down and rear end up
- Rapid heartbeat and pale gums in severe cases
Who Is at Risk?
- Large and giant breeds, especially deep-chested dogs (e.g., Great Danes, Standard Poodles, German Shepherds, Saint Bernards)
- Dogs that eat quickly or ingest large meals or water rapidly
- Older dogs, males, and those with a family history of bloat
- Dogs that exercise immediately after eating or eat from elevated bowls
Treatment and Urgency
Bloat is a medical emergency requiring immediate veterinary intervention. Treatment may involve stabilizing the dog with fluids and pain management, decompressing the stomach, and surgery to untwist the stomach and prevent recurrence (gastropexy)
. Without prompt treatment, bloat can be fatal within hours, making early recognition and veterinary care critical
. In summary, bloat is a dangerous condition where a dog's stomach fills with gas and may twist, causing severe pain and cutting off vital blood flow. It requires urgent medical attention to save the dog's life.
